Duration of Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Cervical Cancer

Universitas Indonesia

2019

en

Article

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The use of long hormonal contraceptives can disrupt the balance of estrogen in the body and resulting in abnormal cell changes. By using a case-control design, this study aimed to determine the association between duration of hormonal contraception use and the risk of cervical cancer. The study population was composed of patients examined in 2018 at a cancer installation and obstetrics-gynecology polyclinic of the Central General Hospital in Yogyakarta. Random sampling yielded 95 women diagnosed with cervical cancer assigned for the case group and other 95 women with negative pap smear results for the control group. Data on the dependent variable (cervical cancer) and the independent variable (duration of hormonal contraception), based on the length of hormonal contraceptive use, were both obtained from the medical records. Assessment of cervical cancer was based on the doctor’s diagnosis. Using logistic regression for data analysis, results showed that 44.7% of samples used long-term hormonal contraceptives (over five years). Length of use of hormonal contraceptives had a significant correlation with the incidence of cervical cancer (p-value < 0.01). Use of hormonal contraceptives for more than five years increased the risk of cervical cancer by 4.2 times (95% CI 1.01–5.69) compared to less than five years of use after controlled by first marriage age and parity.