PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ASI TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA 36 – 59 BULAN DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA ( UPLOAD JURNAL OJS )

2023-06-08

id

Thesis

text

Latar Belakang: Pemberian ASI merupakan salah satu faktor eksternal yang dapat mempengaruhi tumbuh kembang anak. Cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta pada tahun 2020 sebesar 80,7%, persentase terendah terjadi di Kota Yogyakarta (73,25%). Sebanyak 0,4 juta (16%) balita di Indonesia mengalami gangguan perkembangan, baik perkembangan motorik halus maupun kasar, gangguan pendengaran, kecerdasan kurang, dan keterlambatan bicara. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ASI terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36 – 59 bulan di Kota Yogyakarta. Metode: Desain penelitian survei analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah anak usia 36 – 59 bulan beserta ibu dengan pengambilan sampel purposive sampling berjumlah 108 anak. Data pemberian ASI didapatkan melalui wawancara dan skrining perkembangan anak dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen Kuesioner Pra Skrining Perkembangan(KPSP). Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (Chi-Square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik). Hasil: Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pemberian ASI terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36 – 59 bulan (p=0,000) dengan Confident Interval (CI) 95% = 2,261 – 7,997 di Kota Yogyakarta. Pada variabel eksternal, terdapat pengaruh tingkat pendidikan ibu (p=0,024); tingkat pendidikan ayah (p=0,005); stimulasi (p=0,037), dan status gizi (p=0,008) terhadap perkembangan anak. Sementara itu, pendapatan orang tua tidak menunjukkan adanya pengaruh. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh adalah pemberian ASI (p=0,000) dan pemberian ASI memiliki risiko 4,252 kali untuk mempengaruhi perkembangan anak. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara pemberian ASI terhadap perkembangan anak usia 36 – 59 bulan di Kota Yogyakarta. Kata Kunci: Pemberian ASI, Perkembangan, Stimulasi Background: Breastfeeding is an external factorthat can affect child development.The coverage of exclusive breastfeeding in the Special Region of Yogyakarta in 2020 was 80,7%, the lowest percentage occurred in the City of Yogyakarta (73,25%). As many as 0,4 million (16%) children under five in Indonesia experience developmental disorders, both fine and gross motor development, hearing loss, lessintelligence, and speech delays. Aim: To determine the effect of breastfeeding on the development of children aged 36- 59 months in the city of Yogyakarta. Methods: Cross sectional design. The subjects in this study were children aged 36 – 59 months and their mothers with purposive sampling totaling 108 children. Breastfeeding data was obtained through interviews and child development screening was conducted using the Developmental Pre-Screening Questionnaire (KPSP) instrument. Data were analyzed univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and multivariate (multiple logistic regression). Results: The results of statistical tests showed that there was an effect of breastfeeding on the development of children aged 36 – 59 months (p=0.000) and 95% Confident Interval (CI)= 2.261 – 7.997 in Yogyakarta City. In external variables, there was an effect of mother’s education level (p=0.024); father’s education level (p=0.005); stimulation (p=0.037), and nutritional status (p=0.008) on child development. Meanwhile, parental income showed no effect. The most influential variable was breastfeeding (p=0.000) and breastfeeding had a 4.252 times risk of influencing child development. Conclusion: There is a significant effect of breastfeeding on the development of children aged 36 – 59 months in Yogyakarta City. Keywords: Breastfeeding, Development, Stimulation