KAJIAN PROSES ASUHAN GIZI TERSTANDAR (PAGT) PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE II DENGAN HIPERTENSI, INFEKSI SALURAN KEMIH, DAN DISLIPIDEMIA DI RSUD NYI AGENG SERANG STUDY OF STANDARDIZED NUTRITION CARE PROCESS (NCP) IN PATIENTS DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II WITH HYPERTENSION, URINARY TRACT INFECTION, AND DYSLIPIDEMIA AT NYI AGENG SERANG GENERAL HOSPITAL

2023-05-04

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ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Diabetes Melitus (DM) adalah sekumpulan gejala yang timbul karena peningkatan kadar gula karena insulin tidak dapat bekerja dengan optimal. Prevalensi penyakit DM di Indonesia pada tahun 2018 berdasarkan diagnosa dokter yaitu sebesar 1,5% atau sekitar 1.017.290 penduduk. Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar diperlukan pada pasien DM dengan komplikasi agar tidak mengalami malnutrisi dan membantu mengontrol glukosa darah pasien, serta membantu mengurangi gejala atau keluhan penyakit penyerta pasien. Tujuan: Mengkaji pelaksanaan proses asuhan gizi terstandar pada pasien Diabetes Melitus dengan Hipertensi, Infeksi Saluran Kemih dan Dislipidemia. Metode: Jenis dan rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan studi kasus (case report). Hasil: Hasil pengkajian gizi yaitu data antropometri status gizi obesitas; data biokimia diperoleh kadar GDS, GDP, GD2JPP, dan trigliserida pasien tinggi; sedangkan kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit pasien rendah; data fisik pasien merasakan nyeri dada, sesak, ampeg, mual, nyeri ulu hati, dan kaki terasa tebal; data klinis tekanan darah termasuk pra-hipertensi; serta riwayat makan bahwa kebiasaan makan pasien kurang tepat serta asupan zat gizi pasien kurang. Monitoring yang dilakukan meliputi biokimia, fisik/klinis, serta asupan makan dan diperoleh hasil kadar glukosa dan darah masih tidak stabil, keluhan fisik sudah menurun, tekanan darah meninggi, serta asupan makan pasien meningkat. Kesimpulan: Dari hasil penelitian dapat diketahui pasien dengan status gizi oebsitas, kadar glukosa dan triglisrida tinggi, kadar hemoglobin dan hematokrit rendah, keluhan fisik, serta asupan zat gizi kurang. Berdasarkan monitoring selama intervensi kadar glukosa dan darah masih tidak stabil, keluhan fisik berkurang, serta asupan makan meningkat. Kata kunci: Diabetes Melitus Tipe II, Dislipidemia, Hipertensi, Infeksi Saluran Kemih, Proses Asuhan Gizi Terstandar 1: Mahasiswa Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta 2: Dosen Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta 3: Dosen Jurusan Gizi Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a group of symptoms that arise due to incrreased blood glucose because innsulin can’t work optimally. The pravelance of DM in Indonesia in 2018 based on doctor’s diagnosis is 1,5% or around 1.017.290 residents. Standardized Nutrition Care Process is needed for DM patients with complications, so they don’t experience malnutrition and help control the patient’s blood glucose, as well as help reduce the symptoms or complaints of the patient’s comorbidities. Objective: Assessing of standardized nutrition care processes in patients Diabetes Mellitus with Hypertension, Urinary Tract Infections, and Dyslipidemia. Methods: The type and research design is a descriptive research with a case report design. Results: The results of the nutritional assessment are anthropometric data on the nutritional status of obesity; biochemical data obtained is high levels of GDS, GDP, GD2JPP, and triglycerides; whereas the hemoglobin dan hematocrit levels are low levels; physical data is the patient feels chest pain, tightness, shortness of breath, nausea, heartburn, and thick legs; blood pressure clinical data including pre-hypertension; as well as a food history that eating habits are inappropiate and nutrition intake is low. Monitoring carried out included biochemical, physical/clinical, as well as food intake and results obtained were that glucose and blood levels were still unstable, physical complaints had decreased, blood pressure had increased, and food intake had increased. Conclusion: From the results of the study it was known that patients is obesity, high glucose and triglyceride levels, low hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, physical complaints, and nutrition intake is low. Based on monitoring during the intervention, glucose and blood levels were still unstable, physical complaints decreased, and food intake had increased. Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus Type II, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Urinary Tract Infections, Standardized Nutrition Care Process 1: Student of the Department of Nutrition Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta 2: Lecturer of the Department of Nutrition Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta 3: Lecturer of the Department of Nutrition Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta