ASUPAN SUMBER NATRIUM, RASIO KALIUM NATRIUM, AKTIVITAS FISIK, DAN TEKANAN DARAH PASIEN HIPERTENSI

Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan GAKI Kemenkes RI

2014-12

en

Article

text

ABSTRACT Background. Sodium and potassium is the major cation in the extracellular fluid of the body which have the function to regulate fluid and acid base balance of the body. They play a role in nerve transmission and muscle contraction. Excessive intake can cause the distruction body’s balance, which can lead to oedema, ascites, and hypertention. Objective. This study aims to describe sodium intake, potassium sodium ratio, physical activity as risk factor for hypertention. Method. This was a descriptive analytic study with case control design was conducted at Puskesmas Sleman in July 2013. The independent variables were sodium intake, potassium sodium ratio and physical activity, while the dependent variable is hypertention status. Subject were 50 patients, 25 subjects with hypertention and 25 non hypertention, matching in sex and age. Sampling method were using accidental sampling. Inclusion criteria were new patients, >18 years old, willing to participate in the study, and able to communicate. Food intake was obtained using semi quantitative food frequency form during the past one month. Physical activity was measured using questionnaire of physical activity the past one week. All the questions asked in conjunction with blood pressure checks. Analysis used are chi square test and logistic regression. Results. Subjects with hypertention have more sodium intake (84%), compared to 52 percent of non hypertention subjects. The two groups had different intake of sodium and potassium, as 84 percent of subjects with hypertension had more sodium intake, and 52 percent of non hypertension subjects had moderate sodium intake. Conclusion. High sodium intake can increase the risk of hypertention (p=0.016, OR=5.7, CI 95% 1.51-21.42). Less potassium sodium ratio can increase hypertention (p= 0.025, OR=5.8, CI 95% 1.36-24.33). Less of physical activity increase the risk of hypertention (p=0.032, OR=4.9, CI 95% 1.29-18.26). Logistic regression analysis showed that physical activity was the most significant risk factor of hypertention (p=0.035, OR 4.7, CI 95% 1.12-19.67). Keywords: hypertention, intake, physical activity, potassium, sodium